Article by Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa S, B.A.M.S
AIAPGET Factors
- Charaka – the garbha turns into GHANA. Whether it is of PINDA Akriti, it’s male baby, PESHI Akriti – feminine baby and ARBUDA – hermaphrodite.
- Sushruta – Shita (kapha), Ushna (pitta) and Anila (vayu) act on the Panchamahabhuta Sanghata → GHANA is fashioned → Pinda = male, Peshi = feminine, Arbuda = hermaphrodite.
- Vagbhata – Following Charaka and Sushruta’s clarification, Vagbhata has talked about GHANA instead of Pinda, the form which defines male baby, within the second month of fetal growth. (A.Hr.Sha.1/49-50 & A.San.Sha.2/7). Different shapes are defined in an identical approach.
- Kashyapa – ASTHI, MAMSA and SNAYU are fashioned from Shukra within the fetus within the first month.
- Harita Samhita – mentions formation of GARBHA ANKURAS by fiftieth day i.e. buds for the expansion of palms, legs and head within the fetus within the second month.
- Based on Garbhopanishad, the HEAD of the fetus is fashioned within the second month.
- Trendy Embryology – Week 5 occasions – Fast rise in degree of HCG which might → Alerts ovaries to cease releasing eggs & → make extra of estrogen and progesterone & additionally → gasoline the expansion of placenta. Embryo is made up of three layers – Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm.
- 3 Germ Layers – Ectoderm (prime layer) – turns into the outer pores and skin layer, nervous system, eyes and inside ears. Mesoderm (center layer) – coronary heart and primitive circulatory system are fashioned on this layer and so additionally bones, ligaments, kidneys and reproductive system. Endoderm (inside layer) – on this layer, lungs and intestines develop.
- sixth Week – Closure of neural tube begins. Mind, spinal wire, coronary heart and different organs, ear and eye forming buildings and buds for forming future arms kind. The child’s physique begins taking a C-shaped curve.
- Week 7 – Progress of mind and face. Nostril-depression and starting of formation of retina. Decrease limb buds begin showing. The arm buds take the form of paddles.
- Week 8 – Leg buds take the form of paddles, fingers, higher lip and nostril are fashioned. Eyes change into noticeable. There’s growth of small swellings which define the longer term shell-shaped elements of the ears. Straightening of the trunk and neck begins.
- eighth weekend – Child is about ½ inch lengthy, from the highest of the pinnacle to the tailbone backside. This measurement known as CROWN to RUMP.
On this article we will take a look at totally different opinions of various acharyas relating to the event of the fetus within the second month of being pregnant, in Ayurveda treatises.
Improvement of Fetus within the second month of being pregnant – Completely different Opinions of Completely different Acharyas in Completely different Treatises
Charaka Samhita
द्वितीये मासि घनः सम्पद्यते पिण्डः पेश्यर्बुदं वा |
तत्र घनः पुरुषः, पेशी स्त्री, अर्बुदं नपुंसकम् ||१०||
Cha.Sha.4/10
The embryo, within the second month, turns into GHANA – i.e. takes the type of a strong mass. The intercourse of the kid could be decided by seeing the form of the ghana. It may be understood as under talked about –
– Pinda Akriti – If the mass takes the form of ghana – pinda i.e. oval form – the born baby can be a male.
– Peshi Akriti – If the mass takes the form of peshi i.e. elongated form, resembling a muscle – the born baby can be a feminine.
– Arbuda Akriti – If the mass takes the form of an arbuda i.e. tumour formed (spherical, elevated) – the born baby can be a hermaphrodite.
Sushruta Samhita
द्वितीये शीतोष्मानिलैरभिप्रपच्यमानानां महाभूतानां सङ्घातो घनः संजायते; यदि पिण्डः पुमान्, स्त्री चेत् पेशी, नपुंसकं चेदर्बुदमिति । (Su.Sha.3/18)
The compact mass of Panchamahabhutas (5 components – earth, wind, water, fireplace and ether) are acted upon by shita – chilly (kapha), ushna – warmth (pitta) and anila – air (vayu) and turns into Ghana i.e. will get condensed.
– Pinda – if this mass reveals up like a lump-like look, it signifies the male-sex of the embryo
– Peshi – if this mass seems as an elongated form (resembling muscle), the embryo will group as much as change into feminine
– Arbuda – if this mass seems like a tumour-like form, it signifies that the embryo can be a hermaphrodite
Ashtanga Hridaya & Ashtanga Sangraha
Ashtanga Hridaya
द्वितीये मासि कललाद्धन: पेश्यथवाऽर्बुदम् ॥ ४९ ॥ पुंस्त्रोल्कीबा: क्रमात्तेभ्यः(Ref – A.Hr.Sha.1/49-50)
From Kalala one of many under talked about is fashioned –
- Ghana – arduous mass – depicting that the embryo can be born as male
- Pesi – muscle like mass – depicting that the embryo can be born as feminine
- Arbuda – tumour or ant-hill like – depicting that the embryo can be a hermaphrodite / eunuch
Ashtanga Sangraha
द्वितीये घनः पेश्यर्बुदं वा तेभ्यः क्रमात् पुंस्त्रीनपुंसकानि ।(A.San.Sha.2/7)
The reason is similar as Ashtanga Hridaya.
Based on specialists, Ghana additionally means a membership or mace, Pesi additionally means bud or an egg and Arbuda means serpent-like form.
Kashyapa Samhita
Under talked about buildings are fashioned from Shukra throughout the second month –
– Asthi – bones
– Mamsa – muscle mass
– Snayu – tendons
The gender shapes have been defined as in different texts.
The reason of the primary and second month of growth of Garbha is similar. The prana (jiva) divides the bijadhatu (zygote) . Instantly after its entry into the physique, the bija is enveloped by rakta.
Asthis – bones are fashioned from Shukra (semen, sperms). Mamsa i.e. muscle mass are derived from Asthi. Snayu (tendons) and all different main and minor physique elements of the physique together with indriyas (sense organs) from each i.e. asthis and mamsa. (Ka.Sam.Sha.Stha.Asamana Gotriya Sharira Adhyaya)
Harita Samhita
Acharya Harita has talked about forming the Garbha Ankuras by the fiftieth day i.e. within the second month. Ankuras are buds depicting progress of palms, legs and head of the fetus on this month.
Garbhopanishad
Based on Garbhopanishad, the pinnacle of the fetus is fashioned within the second month.
Trendy Embryology – Fetal Improvement within the second month
Week 5
We have to do not forget that the fifth week of being pregnant is similar because the third week after conception. Herein, there’s a fast rise within the degree of HCG – Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (being pregnant hormone). This hormone indicators ovaries to cease releasing eggs and likewise would make extra of estrogen and progesterone hormones. The menstrual durations cease with availability of upper ranges of estrogen and progesterone. The identical hormones would additionally gasoline the expansion of placenta.
Now, the embryo is made up of three layers.
- Ectoderm – is the highest layer. It will change into the outer layer of pores and skin, nervous system (central and peripheral), eyes and inside ears.
- Mesoderm – includes the center layer of cells. On this layer, the guts and primitive circulatory system can be fashioned. Bones, ligaments, kidneys and a lot of the reproductive system originate from this layer itself.
- Endoderm – is the inside layer of cells. It’s on this layer that the lungs and intestines develop.
Week 6
– The neural tube alongside the child’s again is closing.
– The mind and spinal wire develop from the neural tube.
– The guts and different organs additionally begin to kind.
– Ear and eye forming buildings develop.
– Small buds which might change into future arms seem.
– The child’s physique begins taking a C-shaped curve.
Week 7
– The mind and face of the child are rising.
– Nostril-depressions change into seen.
– The formation of the retina begins.
– The decrease limb buds that can change into future legs begin showing.
– The arm buds take the form of paddles.
Week 8
– The leg buds take the form of paddles.
– The formation of fingers begins.
– Improvement of small swellings which define the longer term shell-shaped elements of the ears happen.
– Eyes change into noticeable.
– The higher lip is fashioned.
– Nostril is fashioned.
– The trunk and neck begin to straighten.
– The child is perhaps about half inch lengthy on the finish of week 8 (prime of the pinnacle to the tailbone backside) – referred to as ‘crown to rump’.